General Urinalysis
General urinalysis (GUA) is a basic laboratory test that evaluates the physical and chemical properties of urine and helps detect signs of kidney diseases, urinary tract conditions, metabolic disorders, and other systemic diseases.
The test includes the following parameters:
- Physical properties:
- Color
- Transparency
- Specific gravity
- Volume
- Chemical properties:
- pH
- Protein
- Glucose
- Ketones
- Bilirubin
- Urobilinogen
- Nitrites
- Microscopic sediment examination:
- Erythrocytes
- Leukocytes
- Casts
- Epithelium
- Crystals
- Bacteria
- Yeast
- Mucus
General urinalysis is used for:
- Preventive screening and early disease detection;
- Diagnosis of kidney diseases (nephritis, pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis);
- Detection of metabolic disorders (e.g., diabetes or gout);
- Assessing treatment effectiveness.
Proper urine collection and sample storage are critical for reliable test results.