Electrolyte Test
The electrolyte test (sodium, potassium, chloride) is a laboratory study that assesses the levels of major mineral substances essential for maintaining water-electrolyte and acid-base balance, as well as for the proper functioning of the heart, kidneys, muscles, and nervous system.
Main electrolytes:
- Potassium (K+) — regulates water balance, supports heart rhythm, participates in nerve impulse transmission, and ensures oxygen delivery to the brain. Potassium deficiency (hypokalemia) or excess can lead to serious metabolic and cardiac disorders.
- Sodium (Na+) — essential for stable nervous system and muscle function, regulates fluid volume in the body, and affects blood pressure.
- Chloride (Cl-) — maintains acid-base balance and water balance, participates in digestion and kidney function.
Indications for the test:
- Kidney and cardiovascular diseases (arrhythmias, hypertension, heart failure).
- Monitoring during the use of diuretics, cardiac glycosides.
- Symptoms of dehydration, edema, nausea, weakness, cramps.
- Endocrine disorders (adrenal insufficiency).
- Assessment of the body’s acid-base status.
- Diagnosis and dynamic monitoring of acute and chronic diseases.
Normal values:
- Potassium: 3.5–5.1 mmol/L
- Sodium: 135–145 mmol/L
- Chloride: 98–107 mmol/L
Test features:
- Blood is drawn from a vein; the test is performed quickly and safely.
- It is recommended to take the test on an empty stomach.
- Deviations from the norm require consultation with a doctor to identify causes and prescribe treatment.
The electrolyte test is an important tool for diagnosing and monitoring the cardiovascular, kidney, and endocrine systems, as well as assessing the overall metabolic balance of the body.