Basophils
Basophils are a rare type of white blood cell (leukocyte), making up less than 1% of all leukocytes. Despite their small numbers, they play an important role in allergic reactions, inflammatory processes, and immune response. Their granules contain histamine, serotonin, and other active substances.
Normal basophil values:
- Absolute count: 0–0.08 × 10⁹/L (0–80/μL)
- Percentage of total white blood cells: 0–1%
Functions of basophils:
- Participation in allergic reactions (including immediate-type reactions such as anaphylaxis)
- Release of histamine and other mediators of inflammation
- Modulation of immune response
- Recruitment of other immune cells to the site of inflammation
Increased basophils (basophilia) may be seen in:
- Allergies (asthma, urticaria)
- Chronic inflammation (e.g., ulcerative colitis)
- Infections (Epstein-Barr virus, tuberculosis)
- Hypothyroidism (low thyroid hormone levels)
- Certain cancers (myeloproliferative disorders, leukemias)
Decreased basophils (basopenia) may occur with:
- Acute infections
- Severe stress
- Hyperthyroidism
- Corticosteroid use
- After chemotherapy or radiation therapy
Features:
- Basophils are involved in hypersensitivity reactions, releasing substances that cause swelling, itching, and redness.
- Even a slight increase can be clinically significant in allergies or chronic blood disorders.
- Interpretation of basophil levels is only meaningful in combination with other CBC parameters and the patient's symptoms.
How to take the test:
- Blood is drawn on an empty stomach, usually in the morning.
- Before the test, avoid physical exertion and taking antihistamines (if possible).