Glucose
Glucose is the main monosaccharide and primary energy source for body cells. After eating, carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which enters the bloodstream and supplies energy to the brain, muscles, and other vital organs.
Role of glucose in the body:
- Provides cells with energy necessary for vital functions.
- Participates in metabolic processes, including glycogen and fat synthesis.
- Regulated by hormones insulin and glucagon to maintain stable blood levels.
Normal fasting blood glucose levels:
- 3.9–5.5 mmol/L (70–99 mg/dL), may vary depending on the laboratory.
Causes of elevated glucose levels (hyperglycemia):
- Diabetes mellitus (type 1 and 2).
- Stressful and infectious conditions.
- Liver and pancreatic diseases.
- Use of certain medications (e.g., glucocorticosteroids).
Causes of decreased glucose levels (hypoglycemia):
- Prolonged fasting or missed meals.
- Intense physical activity.
- Adrenal and pituitary gland dysfunction.
- Insulin overdose in diabetic patients.
How to prepare for the test:
- Blood should be drawn fasting, at least 8 hours after the last meal.
- Avoid alcohol, heavy physical activity, and stress for 24 hours before the test.
Why glucose blood test is needed:
- Diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes mellitus.
- Assessment of carbohydrate metabolism disorders.
- Early detection of metabolic diseases.
- Monitoring treatment effectiveness.
Important to know:
- Regular glucose monitoring helps prevent diabetes complications, including vascular diseases, kidney damage, and nervous system disorders.
- Test results are interpreted by a physician considering symptoms and other examinations.