Bacteriological Stool Culture
Bacteriological stool culture is a laboratory examination designed to isolate, identify, and determine the sensitivity of microorganisms present in the intestines. This analysis helps detect pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic bacteria causing intestinal infections and dysbiosis.
- Purpose of the study:
- Diagnosis of acute and chronic intestinal infections.
- Determination of the cause of diarrhea and other gastrointestinal disorders.
- Monitoring therapy effectiveness and intestinal sanitation.
- Detection of dysbiosis and restoration of normal microflora.
- How the culture is performed:
- Collection of stool sample and inoculation on various nutrient media that promote growth of different bacteria groups (e.g., MacConkey agar, Sabouraud agar, egg yolk-salt agar, etc.).
- Incubation at optimal temperature (usually 37°C) for 24–48 hours.
- Observation of colony growth and morphological evaluation of microorganisms.
- Microorganism identification:
- Microscopic examination of cultures.
- Biochemical tests to determine bacterial species.
- Modern methods such as MALDI-TOF, PCR, serological reactions (if needed).
- Antibiotic sensitivity testing:
- After pathogen isolation, sensitivity to antibiotics and other antimicrobials is tested.
- This helps select effective treatment and avoid resistance development.
- Indications for the test:
- Chronic and acute diarrheal diseases.
- Suspected bacterial intestinal infections: salmonellosis, shigellosis, campylobacteriosis, etc.
- Monitoring after antibacterial treatment.
- Suspected dysbiosis or microflora imbalance.
- Interpretation features:
- Detection of pathogenic bacteria confirms their role in the disease.
- Presence of conditionally pathogenic flora may indicate microflora imbalance.
- Absence of pathogens does not completely exclude infection and requires comprehensive assessment.
- Advantages of the test:
- Allows accurate pathogen identification.
- Determines antibiotic sensitivity.
- Aids in individualizing therapy.
- Important for epidemiological control.
Summary: Bacteriological stool culture is a key method for diagnosing bacterial intestinal infections and assessing microflora status, helping to select effective treatment and monitor its results.