Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that play a key role in the body’s immune system. They are responsible for specific immunity, meaning they recognize and destroy viruses and bacteria, as well as form immune memory.
Normal lymphocyte values:
- Absolute count: 1.0–3.0 × 10⁹/L
- Percentage of total white blood cells: 20–40%
Main functions of lymphocytes:
- Production of antibodies (B-lymphocytes)
- Destruction of virus-infected cells (T-lymphocytes)
- Regulation of immune responses (T-helper and T-suppressor cells)
Increased lymphocytes (lymphocytosis) may be observed in:
- Viral infections (e.g., influenza, mononucleosis)
- Chronic inflammatory processes
- Certain lymphoproliferative disorders
- Allergic reactions
Decreased lymphocytes (lymphopenia) may be caused by:
- Immunodeficiencies
- Severe bacterial infections
- Use of immunosuppressive drugs
- Stress and prolonged physical exertion
- Certain leukemias and cancers
Features:
- Lymphocytes are divided into several subtypes, including B and T lymphocytes, each with specific functions.
- Comprehensive immune status assessment often requires additional tests (immunogram).
- Changes in lymphocyte levels require complex interpretation considering other parameters and clinical data.
How to take the test:
- Blood is drawn from a finger or vein in the morning on an empty stomach.
- Avoid stress and intense physical activity before the test.