Advanced Lipid Profile

• Total cholesterol — the total level of all types of cholesterol in the blood. Normal range: less than 5.2 mmol/L.
• Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) — "bad" cholesterol that contributes to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Normal range: less than 3.0 mmol/L.
• High-density lipoproteins (HDL) — "good" cholesterol that protects blood vessels. Normal range: men > 1.0 mmol/L, women > 1.2 mmol/L.
• Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) — also atherogenic; normal range: less than 0.8 mmol/L.
• Triglycerides — neutral fats; elevated levels are associated with cardiovascular disease risk. Normal range: less than 1.7 mmol/L.
• Atherogenic index — ratio of "bad" to "good" lipids, normal value is less than 3.5.
• Apolipoproteins A1 and B — proteins that are components of lipoproteins, important for assessing atherosclerosis risk.
• Lipoprotein (a) — an additional marker of cardiovascular risk; measurement is recommended in cases of family history of cardiovascular disease.

• Family history of early cardiovascular diseases.
• Diagnosis and monitoring of dyslipidemias (lipid metabolism disorders).
• Patients with ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity.
• Liver, biliary tract, and pancreas diseases.
• Assessment of atherosclerosis risk and prevention of cardiovascular complications.

• Fasting blood sample, preferably in the morning.
• Avoid food, alcohol, intense physical activity, and stress for 12 hours before the test.
• Rest for 10–15 minutes before blood draw is recommended.

• Elevated LDL, triglycerides, and lipoprotein (a) increase the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases.
• Low HDL levels are also a risk factor.
• The atherogenic index helps assess the balance between "bad" and "good" lipids.
• Results are interpreted considering age, sex, heredity, and other risk factors.

Blood

Blood

Stool

Urine