Reticulocytes
Reticulocytes are young immature forms of red blood cells that have recently been released from the bone marrow into peripheral blood. They contain remnants of ribosomal RNA, which allows them to be distinguished from mature erythrocytes. Normally, reticulocytes make up a small percentage of the total number of red blood cells and serve as an important indicator of hematopoietic activity.
Significance of the reticulocyte test:
- Allows assessment of bone marrow function and the rate of erythrocyte renewal.
- Used for diagnosis and monitoring of various types of anemia treatment.
- Helps identify causes of anemia — insufficient red blood cell production or increased destruction.
- Evaluation of hematopoiesis recovery after blood loss, chemotherapy, or bone marrow transplantation.
Causes of increased reticulocytes:
- Hemolytic anemia (enhanced red blood cell destruction).
- Acute blood loss and recovery period.
- Treatment of iron, vitamin B12, or folic acid deficiency.
- Hypoxia and other conditions stimulating erythropoiesis.
Causes of decreased reticulocytes:
- Aplastic anemia and other bone marrow diseases.
- Chronic inflammatory and infectious processes.
- Deficiency of nutrients necessary for hematopoiesis.
- Side effects of medications and toxic exposures.
The reticulocyte test is usually performed as part of a complete blood count or when hematopoietic disorders are suspected. Results are interpreted considering the clinical picture and other laboratory data.
Thus, determining reticulocyte levels is an important diagnostic tool to assess bone marrow status and the effectiveness of anemia treatment.