Neutrophils
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of leukocytes, playing a key role in protecting the body from bacterial infections. They quickly respond to the introduction of microorganisms, capturing and destroying bacteria and other pathogens.
Normal neutrophil values:
- Absolute count: 2.0–7.0 × 10⁹/L
- Percentage of total leukocytes: 47–72%
Main functions of neutrophils:
- Phagocytosis—engulfing and destroying bacteria and cellular debris
- Releasing enzymes and reactive substances to kill pathogens
- Participating in inflammatory responses
Increased neutrophils (neutrophilia) may be caused by:
- Bacterial infections
- Inflammatory processes (e.g., appendicitis, pneumonia)
- Stress, physical exertion, trauma
- Certain medications (corticosteroids)
- Certain malignancies
Decreased neutrophils (neutropenia) may be observed in:
- Viral infections (influenza, hepatitis)
- Autoimmune diseases
- Toxic exposure (chemotherapy, radiation)
- Certain hereditary conditions
- Bone marrow diseases
Features:
- Neutrophils are divided into segmented (mature) and band (immature) forms—the ratio helps assess inflammation activity.
- Increased immature neutrophil forms (left shift) indicates acute inflammation.
- For accurate diagnosis, it is necessary to consider the complete blood count and clinical picture.
How to take the test:
- Blood is drawn from a finger or vein, preferably in the morning on an empty stomach.
- Avoid intense physical and emotional stress before the test.