Leukocytes (WBC)
Additional urine tests:
- Urine culture for bacteria and fungi — a bacteriological analysis to detect and identify microorganisms, determine their quantity and sensitivity to antibiotics or antifungal agents. Necessary when urinary tract infections are suspected and for treatment monitoring.
- Urine analysis by Nechiporenko — a quantitative study of formed elements (leukocytes, erythrocytes, casts) in 1 ml of urine. Allows evaluation of inflammatory processes in the kidneys and urinary tract, helping to differentiate diseases.
- Urine analysis by Zimnitsky — a functional test assessing the kidneys’ ability to concentrate and dilute urine. Urine is collected every 3 hours over 24 hours to evaluate the volume and density of each portion.
- Biochemical urine analysis — determines the concentration of protein, glucose, urea, creatinine, electrolytes, and other substances. Used to assess kidney function and metabolism.
- 24-hour urine analysis (24-hour diuresis) — collection of all urine over 24 hours to evaluate total volume and content of various components. Applied in the diagnosis of kidney pathology and metabolic disorders.
- Urine analysis by Kakovsky-Addis — count of formed elements in urine collected over 8–12 hours, helps to identify inflammatory and nephrotic processes.
- Rehberg test (creatinine clearance) — study of kidney filtration rate based on creatinine levels in blood and urine, evaluates kidney function.
- Urine analysis for oxalates and other salts — detects the presence of salts, important for diagnosing urolithiasis.
- Urine analysis for ketone bodies (acetone) — used when metabolic disorders are suspected, such as diabetes mellitus.
- Urine test for diastase (amylase) — applied for diagnosing pancreatic diseases.
- Molecular genetic studies (PCR) — detect DNA or RNA of infectious agents with high sensitivity.
The choice of a specific test depends on the clinical picture and diagnostic goals. Additional studies allow for a more precise assessment of the urinary system condition and detection of hidden pathologies.