Additional Urine Tests

• Urine culture for bacteria and fungi — bacteriological analysis to identify microorganisms, determine their quantity and sensitivity to antibiotics or antifungal drugs. Necessary for suspected urinary tract infections and treatment monitoring.
• Nechiporenko urine test — quantitative study of formed elements (leukocytes, erythrocytes, casts) in 1 ml of urine. Assesses inflammatory processes in kidneys and urinary tract, helps differentiate diseases.
• Zimnitsky urine test — functional test evaluating kidney ability to concentrate and dilute urine. Urine is collected every 3 hours for 24 hours to assess volume and density of each portion.
• Biochemical urine analysis — determines concentrations of protein, glucose, urea, creatinine, electrolytes, and other substances. Used to assess kidney function and metabolism.
• 24-hour urine analysis (diuresis) — collection of all urine over 24 hours to evaluate total volume and content of various components. Used in diagnosis of kidney pathology and metabolic disorders.
• Urine test by Kakowski-Addis — counts formed elements in urine collected over 8–12 hours, helps detect inflammatory and nephrotic processes.
• Rehberg test (creatinine clearance) — assesses kidney filtration rate based on creatinine levels in blood and urine, evaluates kidney function.
• Urine test for oxalates and other salts — detects presence of salts, important in diagnosis of urolithiasis.
• Urine test for ketone bodies (acetone) — used when metabolic disorders are suspected, such as diabetes mellitus.
• Urine test for diastase (amylase) — applied in diagnosis of pancreatic diseases.
• Molecular-genetic studies (PCR) — detect DNA or RNA of infectious agents with high sensitivity.

The choice of specific test depends on the clinical picture and diagnostic goals. Additional studies allow more precise assessment of the urinary system condition and detection of hidden pathologies.