Kakovsky-Addis Urine Test

• Urine is collected for 10–12 hours (usually from evening to morning). Before starting collection, the patient voids the bladder (this portion is not included), then all urine over the set period is collected in one container.
• The collected urine volume is measured and thoroughly mixed, after which a portion is taken for analysis.
• In the laboratory, using a counting chamber (Goryaev, Fuchs-Rosenthal, or Bürker), leukocytes, erythrocytes, and casts are counted in the sediment and recalculated for the total urine volume collected.

• Erythrocytes — up to 1,000,000 (some sources up to 2–3 million)
• Leukocytes — up to 2,000,000 (some sources up to 4 million)
• Casts — up to 20,000 (some sources up to 100,000)

• Detection of hidden leukocyturia and hematuria.
• Differential diagnosis of inflammatory kidney diseases (pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis).
• Dynamic monitoring of urinary system disease progression.

• One day before the test, limit fluid intake and follow a meat diet to standardize urine density and pH (usually density 1020–1025, pH around 5.5).
• The patient voids before bedtime (this portion is discarded), notes the time, then collects all urine for 10–12 hours, including all interim voidings.
• Urine is collected in a clean container, stored in a cool place, and delivered to the laboratory within 2 hours after collection ends.
• If continuous collection is not possible, multiple collections are allowed with strict time recording.

• The method is labor-intensive and requires strict adherence to collection and storage rules.
• Results may be distorted by improper preparation or prolonged urine storage due to formed element degradation.
• Primarily applied in inpatient settings or when precise quantitative assessment of cellular elements is necessary.