General Urine Analysis

General urine analysis (GUA) is a basic laboratory test that assesses the physical and chemical properties of urine and detects signs of kidney diseases, urinary tract disorders, metabolic conditions, and other systemic diseases.

The analysis includes the following parameters:

  • Physical properties:
    • Color
    • Transparency
    • Specific gravity
    • Volume
  • Chemical properties:
    • pH
    • Protein
    • Glucose
    • Ketones
    • Bilirubin
    • Urobilinogen
    • Nitrites
  • Microscopy of sediment:
    • Erythrocytes
    • Leukocytes
    • Casts
    • Epithelium
    • Salts
    • Bacteria
    • Yeasts
    • Mucus

General urine analysis is used for:

  • Preventive examination and early disease detection;
  • Diagnosis of kidney diseases (nephritis, pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis);
  • Detection of metabolic disorders (e.g., diabetes or gout);
  • Assessment of therapy effectiveness.

Proper urine collection and sample storage conditions are critical for reliable test results.