Blood Proteins and Electrolytes

Blood proteins are vital biomolecules performing numerous functions: maintaining oncotic pressure, transporting substances, participating in immune responses and metabolism regulation. The main plasma proteins are albumins and globulins. - Albumins maintain blood volume and transport drugs, hormones, vitamins. - Globulins are involved in immune response, including antibodies. Changes in protein levels may indicate nutritional disorders, liver, kidney, or immune system diseases. Electrolytes are soluble ions essential for maintaining water-salt balance and proper function of muscles, heart, and nervous system. Key electrolytes include sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), chlorides (Cl), and bicarbonates.
  • Sodium (Na) regulates body fluid volume and blood pressure.
  • Potassium (K) is necessary for proper heart muscle function and nerve transmission.
  • Calcium (Ca) participates in blood clotting, nerve impulse transmission, and bone formation.
  • Chlorides (Cl) maintain acid-base balance and participate in digestion.
Why blood proteins and electrolytes are tested:
  • Evaluation of overall body condition and liver and kidney function.
  • Diagnosis of metabolism and water-salt balance disorders.
  • Monitoring heart, kidney, liver diseases, and electrolyte imbalances.
How the test is done:
  • Blood is drawn from a vein, preferably fasting.
  • Avoid heavy food, alcohol, and intense physical activity before the test.
Important to know:
  • Protein level changes may indicate inflammation, liver or kidney disease, or nutritional problems.
  • Electrolyte imbalances can cause muscle cramps, weakness, arrhythmias; timely diagnosis is crucial.
  • Accurate interpretation requires a doctor’s consultation considering symptoms and other tests.