Glucose

Glucose is the main monosaccharide and primary energy source for body cells. After food intake, carbohydrates break down into glucose, which enters the blood and supplies energy to the brain, muscles, and other vital organs.

  Role of glucose in the body:
  • Provides cells with the energy needed for vital functions.
  • Participates in metabolic processes, including glycogen and fat synthesis.
  • Regulated by insulin and glucagon hormones to maintain stable blood levels.
Normal fasting blood glucose levels:
  • 3.9–5.5 mmol/L (70–99 mg/dL), may vary depending on the laboratory.
Causes of elevated glucose (hyperglycemia):
  • Diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2.
  • Stressful and infectious conditions.
  • Liver and pancreas diseases.
  • Use of certain medications (e.g., glucocorticosteroids).
Causes of low glucose (hypoglycemia):
  • Prolonged fasting or missed meals.
  • Intense physical exertion.
  • Adrenal and pituitary gland dysfunctions.
  • Insulin overdose in diabetic patients.
Preparation for the test:
  • Blood is drawn fasting, at least 8 hours after the last meal.
  • Avoid alcohol, heavy physical activity, and stress 24 hours before the test.
Why the glucose blood test is needed:
  • Diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes mellitus.
  • Assessment of carbohydrate metabolism disorders.
  • Early detection of metabolic diseases.
  • Monitoring treatment effectiveness.
Important to know:
  • Regular glucose monitoring helps prevent diabetic complications, including vascular diseases, kidney damage, and nervous system disorders.
  • Results are evaluated by a physician considering symptoms and additional tests.