Cholesterol and Lipids
Cholesterol is a fat-like substance essential for building cell membranes, hormone synthesis, and bile acid production. Cholesterol is transported in blood as part of lipoproteins of different densities — LDL (low-density lipoproteins) and HDL (high-density lipoproteins).
Blood lipids include cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids — key components of fat metabolism. Lipid metabolism disorders can lead to atherosclerosis — buildup of fatty plaques in blood vessel walls, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases, heart attacks, and strokes.
What is assessed in the lipid profile:
- Total cholesterol — the overall level of all cholesterol types in blood.
- LDL (“bad” cholesterol) — promotes fat deposits in vessel walls.
- HDL (“good” cholesterol) — helps remove excess cholesterol from vessels and protects against atherosclerosis.
- Triglycerides — the main form of fat in the body; elevated levels also increase cardiovascular risk.
Why cholesterol and lipid tests are done:
- To assess risk of atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease.
- Diagnosis and monitoring of dyslipidemia treatment.
- Monitoring patients with diabetes and obesity.
How the test is done:
- Blood is drawn from a vein fasting (at least 8 hours without food).
- Avoid heavy food and alcohol for at least a day before the test.
- Refrain from intense physical activity the day before the test.
Important to know:
- Lipid levels are closely related to lifestyle, diet, and genetics.
- Changes in lipid levels often do not show symptoms; regular monitoring is important for preventing complications.
- Additional research methods and doctor consultation may be needed for accurate risk assessment.